The common devices used for oral hygiene measures are toothbrush, dentifrice and oral rinses. Present study was carried out to know the level of contamination of toothbrush after brushing and at the same time, to know the efficacy of various disinfecting solution in reducing their contamination. Thirty two children in the age group of 12-14, residing in Government Hostel were selected. They were divided into four groups of 8 each, and were supplied with toothbrushes. Toothbrushes were cultured to assess the contamination at different time intervals. Control group had shown the highest percentage of contamination. It was concluded that cleaning of the oral cavity is not the only procedure in maintaining the oral hygiene, the oral hygiene devices should also be kept clean.

Natal and Neonatal teeth although not unique anomalies, are observed in infants at birth or during the first 30 days of life. Here, the report of our four cases, in which the bilateral mandibular posterior natal teeth, which stands out to be a rare condition is presented. Etiological, clinical, histological features, complications and treatment modalities are discussed.

Dental Pulp is a soft gelatinous, living cellular tissue of ectomesenchymal origin having various functions, residing within bilayered hard mineralized structures like enamel, dentin and cementum. Hertwigs epithelial root sheath initiates the formation of size, shape and number of radicular pulp. Deciduous pulp cavities differ from permanent teeth present study was conducted to find out number of root canals and their pattern, in deciduous teeth.

Unerupted primary teeth is very rare especially in the maxillary anterior teeth. A case of unerupted left maxillary Cuspid due to the presence of compound composite odontoma in a 10 years old female child is presented.

Among the many disturbances of development and growth that involve the oral and perioral structures, cleft lip and palate is perhaps the commonest. Dental literature is replete with syndromes associated with cleft lip and palate, one of which is Van der Woude syndrome. The characteristics of Van der Woude syndrome is the association of cleft lip and/or palate with distinctive lower lip pits. A case of Van der Woude syndrome in an 11-year-old boy and his sister is presented.

Concomitant presence of a supernumerary tooth in the primary dentition and another supernumerary tooth associated with permanent tooth in the same location is an uncommon condition. Presence of supernumerary tooth in the primary dentition itself is a rare phenomenon. Presented here, is the first such case of simultaneous presence of supernumerary tooth in primary and permanent maxillary lateral incisor region.

Trauma to the teeth is a commonly encountered problem. Many studies have stated the prevalence of traumatic injuries, range from 4% to 19.5%. In the present study, the prevalence of traumatic injuries to incisors teeth was studied. The unique feature of this study was that it related the associated causes with the severity of fractures (fracture types). In the present study prevalence was found to be 13.8% and this was associated with various factors such as age group involved, sex, place of injury and the overjet of the dentition.

Total anodontia in a paediatric patient is a difficult prosthetic problem. Upper and lower complete dentures were fabricated for a 7 year old patient with anodontia. The problems encountered on account of the age of the child, the absence of alveolar processes, the tooth size and acceptability of the dentures are discussed herein.

Apert's syndrome is a developmental malformation characterized by craniosynostosis, a cone shaped calvarium, midface hypoplasia, pharyngeal attenuation, ocular manifestations and syndactyly of the hands and feet. The prodromal characteristic for the typical craniofacial appearance is early craniosynostosis of the coronal suture, cranial base and an agenesis of the sagittal suture. These craniofacial characteristics predispose the patient to maxillary transverse and sagittal hypoplasia with concomitant dental crowding, a pseudo cleft palate and a skeletal and dental anterior open bite. A case of Apert syndrome is presented with special emphasis on craniofacial characteristics and multidisciplinary approach to treatment. The differences between Apert and Crouzon's syndrome are highlighted.