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CASE REPORT |
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| Year : 2008 | Volume
: 26
| Issue : 4 | Page : 175-176 |
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Dental lamina cyst of newborn: A case report
A Kumar1, H Grewal2, M Verma3
1 Senior Resident, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
2 Professor and Head, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
3 Director-Principal, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
Correspondence Address:
A Kumar
Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, BSZ Marg, MAMC Complex, New Delhi-110 002
India
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None  | Check |
DOI: 10.4103/0970-4388.44039
 Abstract | | |
Dental lamina cyst, also known as gingival cyst of newborn, is a benign oral mucosal lesion of transient nature. These lesions are usually multiple but do not increase in size. Since the lesions are self-limiting and spontaneously shed a few weeks or months after birth no treatment is required. Clinical diagnoses of these conditions are important in order to avoid unnecessary therapeutic procedure and provide suitable information to parents about the nature of the lesion. In addition, it may be incorrectly diagnosed as natal teeth if present in mandibular anterior region. Here, we present a case of dental lamina cyst of newborn.
Keywords: Dental lamina cyst, gingival cyst, newborn
How to cite this article:
Kumar A, Grewal H, Verma M. Dental lamina cyst of newborn: A case report. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2008;26:175-6 |
| Introduction | |  |
Some benign oral mucosal conditions are frequently found in newborns, which are transient in nature. Based on histological origin and location in the oral cavity, Fromm [1] classified oral mucosal cysts as Epstein's pearls, Bohn's nodules, and dental laminal cysts. Epstein's pearls are cystic, keratin-filled nodules found along the midpalatine raphe, probably derived from entrapped epithelial remnants along the line of fusion. Bohn's nodules are also keratin-filled cysts but scattered over the palate, most numerous along the junction of hard and soft palate and apparently derived from palatal salivary gland structure. Dental lamina cysts are found on alveolar ridge of newborns or very young infants which represent cysts originating from remnants of the dental lamina. [2] These cysts appear as small, isolated, or multiple whitish papules. A simpler classification based on location divide these cysts into 'palatal' and 'alveolar cysts'. Those located at the midpalatine raphe are referred as palatine cysts while those present on the buccal, lingual, or crest of alveolar ridge as alveolar (or gingival) cysts. [3] The reported prevalence of alveolar cysts in newborn ranges from 25-53%, [4],[5] while for palatal ones is about 65%. [6] Although prevalence is high, these cysts are rarely seen by the general dentist or pediatric dentist because of transient nature of these cysts which disappears within two weeks to five months of postnatal life. [3],[7] So, it becomes important that professionals involved in newborn care are able to promptly identify these cysts in order to avoid unnecessary therapeutic procedures and provide suitable information to the infant's parents about the nature of these lesions.
| Case Report | | |
A three and half months old female child reported to Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi with parents complaining of swelling of gums in upper and lower jaw. Child's mother gave history of recurrent nature of lesions since birth. Child was full term born; medical/dental history was not contributory.
Intraoral examination
Intraoral examination of child revealed multiple small nodular papules over alveolar ridge of maxilla and mandible. Maxillary alveolar ridge showed two nodular papules in the region of right and left deciduous second molars (55 and 65) [Figure 1]. Mandibular alveolar ridge showed similar papules in the region of right and left deciduous second molars and right deciduous canine (75, 83, and 85) [Figure 2]. The size of these papules varied from 5-=8 mm. On soft tissue examination, no other abnormality was found on labial, buccal, and lingual mucosa, tongue, palate, and floor of mouth.
On the basis of clinical examination and characteristic appearance of the lesions, a diagnosis of gingival cysts of newborn was made. Since lesions are self-limiting, the child was kept under observation after giving oral hygiene instructions.
| Discussion | | |
Dental lamina cyst, also known as gingival cyst of newborn, is true cyst as it is lined by thin epithelium and shows a lumen usually filled with desquamated keratin, occasionally containing inflammatory cells. [2] These cysts if present at mandibular anterior ridge of newborn may on rare occasions be incorrectly diagnosed as natal teeth. These appear typically as multiple nodules along the alveolar ridge in neonates. It is believed that fragments of dental lamina that remains within the alveolar ridge mucosa after tooth formation proliferate to form these small, keratinized cysts. Majority of these cysts degenerate and involutes or rupture into the oral cavity within two weeks to five months of postnatal life. [3],[7],[8]
| References | | |
| 1. | Fromm A. Epstein pearls, Bohn's nodules and inclusion cyst of the oral cavity. J Dent Child 1967;34:275-87.  [PUBMED] |
| 2. | Shafer WG. Cysts and tumors of odontogenic origin. In: Hine MK, Levy BM, Tomrich CE, editors. Textbook of oral pathology. 4 th ed. India: W.B. Saunders Co, Prism (Reprint); 1993. p. 268-9. |
| 3. | Paula JD, Dezan CC, Frossard WT, Walter LR, Pinto LM. Oral and facial inclusion cysts in newborns. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2006;31:127-9. [PUBMED] |
| 4. | Friend GW, Harris EF, Mincer HH, Fong TL, Carruth KR. Oral anomalies in neonate, by race and gender, in urban setting. Pediatr Dent 1990;12:157-61. [PUBMED] |
| 5. | Jorgenson RJ, Shapiro SD, Salinas CF, Levin LS. Intra oral finding and anomalies in neonates. Pediatrics 1982;69:577-82. [PUBMED] |
| 6. | Cataldo E, Berkman MD. Cysts of the oral mucosa in newborns. Am J Dis Child 1968;116:44-8. [PUBMED] |
| 7. | Flinck A, Paludan A, Matsson L, Holm TL, Axelsson I. Oral findings in group of newborn Swedish children. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 1994;4:67-73. |
| 8. | Regezi JA. Cyst of jaws and neck. In: Regezi JA, Sciubba JJ, Jorden RC, editors. Oral pathology: Clinical pathological correlation. 4 th ed. W.B. Saunders Co.; 1999. p. 246. |
[Figure 1], [Figure 2]
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